Additive questionnaire


2026. №2, 7-31

Alina A. Russkikh
HSE University, Moscow, Russia; allruss@list.ru; ORCID: 0000-0002-2690-8733
Petr O. Rossyaykin
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; petrrossyaykin@gmail.com; ORCID: 0000-0002-7235-724X

Abstract:

This paper presents a typological questionnaire designed for the systematic and cross-linguistically comparable description of additive markers, such as English too or German auch, in any language of the world. The questionnaire comprises 89 stimuli targeting the behavior of additives across twelve functions. It incorporates both morphosyntactic and semantic parameters of variation, identified through our analysis of additive markers in individual languages as well as through insights from typological and language-specific literature. The questionnaire serves as a practical tool for fieldworkers and provides a foundation for cross-linguistic comparisons of additive markers across the languages of the world.

Keywords
additive
comitative
concessive
coordination
indefiniteness
linguistic typology
scalarity
quantifiсation
questionnaire

For citation:

Russkikh A. A., Rossyaykin P. O. Additive questionnaire. Voprosy Jazykoznanija, 2026, 2: 7–31.

Acknowledgements:

We thank the audiences at the 21st Conference on Typology and Grammar for Young Scholars and 58th Annual Meeting of the Societas Linguistica Europaea and in particular Johan van der Auwera, Tom Bossuyt, Alexey Kozlov, Stiopa Mikhailov, and Björn Wiemer. We have also greatly benefited from discussions with Nina Dobrushina, Timur Maisak, and Maxim Stepanyants. We also thank two anonymous reviewers and the editor of Voprosy Jazykoznanija for thoughtful and thorough comments. Finally, thanks to all our fieldwork consultants. The work of Alina Russkikh is an output of a research project implemented as part of the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University). Petr Rossyaykin is supported by Russian Science Foundation, project No. 22-18-00285-P at Lomonosov Moscow State University.